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14. Dolní Šárka (Lower Šárka) Natural Monument (PP) |
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Three minor separated, mutually different areas situated in Dolní Šárka
(Lower Šárka) on the slopes along the lower course of the Šárka Brook,
called after adjacent farmsteads Duchoňsk (on the right-hand brook slope),
Šatovka and Žežulka (both on the left-hand slope of the brook). Cadastre:
Prague 6 - Dejvice. Area: 6.05 ha. Elevation: 200 - 270 m above sea level.
Established by the Ordinance of Prague Municipality No. 4/1982 of May 27,
1982.
Natural thermophilous plant and animal communities. Geomorphological formation
Duchoňská .
The valley cuts into Proterozoic rocks, includingespecially siltstones,
greywackes, to a smaller extent lydites; further there are slope deposits
(loams and sandy and clayey loams with fragments of Upper Proterozoic rocks).
Shallow AC soils of ranker type, changing into mostly oligotrophic brown
soils in shrubby margins.
The landscape, deforested for centuries, has been covered with thermophilous
communities of fescue grass and borders featuring bloody cranesbill (Geranium
sanguineum) and Peucedanum oreoselinum. The Duchoňsk (D) is a rocky ridge
ofProteroroic shales. Its southern slope is covered with a fescue rocky
steppe community, its northern slope with a hornbeam and oak wood. The
Šatovka (S) is a rocky slope with a rocky steppe community and thermophilous
shrubs. The Žežulka (Z) is a grassy and shrubby slope, becoming speedily
overgrown with shrubs (hawthorn, dog rose). In connection with a rocky
outcrop in the Duchoňsk a fragment of cow-wheat oak and hornbeam wood has
been preserved with characteristic plant species, very rare in the northern
part of Prague. Important for nature protection are e.g. Anthericum liliago,
Allium vineale and Gagea bohemica.
Typical thermophilous communities of invertebrates, particularly insects.
Interesting butterfly species, such asZygaena ephialtes f. peucedani, Zygaena
angelicae, Larentia clavaria, Biston strataria and Satyrium acaciae, as
well as beetles, such as Panagaeus bipustulatus and Amara litorea. From
the steppe species of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) e.g. Coptocephala rubicunda
(D, S, Z), Chrysolina hyperici (D,S), Longitarsus minusculus (D,S,Z), Psylliodes
picina (D,S,Z),from the snout beetles (Curculionidae) Trachyphloeus alternans
(D,Z), Omias rotundatus (Z), Ceutorhynchus rhenanus (D,S,Z) and Rhamphus
subaeneus (S,Z). From the number of relic species of the natural broad-leaved
wood in the Duchoňsk there are Brachysomus echinatus and Barypeithes mollicomus
of the snout-beetle family. The Accalles family testifies to the continuity
of local woods. From the number of flat-headed wood borers (Buprestidae)
there are Trachys problematicus (D, Z) and Habroloma geranii (D). From
the Hymenoptera there is the purely steppe species of Cephus pulcher (Z),
from the number of cimbicid sawflies (Cimbicidae) there is Corynis obscura
(on the bloody crabesbill - S). Vertebrate fauna does not differ much from
that of the Wild Šárka. The number of more frequent birds includes the
grey woodpecker (Picus canus), the grey wagtail (Motacilla cinerea) and
the short-toed tree-creeper (Certhia brachydactyla), further the barred
warbler (Sylvia nisoria) and the turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur), the
number of minor mammals chiefly the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europeus)
and the fat doormouse (Glis glis).
The northern part of the Duchoňsk is partly covered with hornbeam oak
wood, otherwise there are planted false acacias with wind-swept ashes and
oaks.
Previously grazing, at present partly forestry. It is desirable to maintain
the mosaic of wooded and woodless areas and eliminate shrubs.
The protected area forms part of the Šárka - Lysolaje natural park.
Kubíková (1982, 1986).
Aerial view of the Dolní Šárka natural monument from the southeast, with the Šatovka farmstead in the road bend on the left.
View of a part of the Dolní Šárka natural monument above the Žežulka
farmstead.
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